There is / There are

 There is ... (singular) /  There are ... (plural)

Affirmative:  Contractions: (there's)  / (there're)

There is a library in front of the church  

there're more than ten libraries in Melbourne  

There's a McDonald's in front of the park

There are two McDonald's in Swanston St.

There's some coffee in the kitchen

There're some boxes of milk in the fridge 

Negative:  contractions: (there isn't) (there aren't)

There is not any food on the table

There are not any shops on the street

There isn't any drug store open at midday

There aren't many chocolates left

Questions: 

is there any problem?

are there any shops in Lygon st?

Is there any food in the fridge?

are there any people on the bus?

How many countries are there in the world?

How many people are there living in Japan?

DO, GO and PLAY

 “Do”: Verbs that we typically do alone or can do alone.

..do exercise / workout

..yoga

..do pilates

..do meditation

..do martial arts

..do boxing

..do karate

..do taikwondo

..do jiu-jitsu

..do mauy thai

..do juudo

..do study 

..do practice

“Go” + (verb)ing: Verbs that require us to GO somewhere to do them. // They tend to be active verbs.

..go shopping

..go jogging/running

..go swimming - versus - have a swim (you have a pool in your place)

..go hiking

..go sightseeing

..go skiing

..go fishing

..go rock climbing

..go cycling

..sky-driving

..go bungee-jumping

“Play”: Musical instruments, computer games, board games, team sports

..play the piano

..play chess / Monopoly

..play Final Fantasy / Assassin’s Creed

..play football / soccer / tennis

Not only… But also…

NOT ONLY…. BUT ALSO….  It is used in formal context:

- The war caused not only destruction and death but also generation of hatred between the two communities.

- The cat not only is beautiful but also is economical

To add emphasis, use NOT ONLY at the beginning of the clause. but we have to invert the subject and the verb:

- Not only did you forget my birthday but also you were late

- Not only will he paint my house but also my sister's house 

See / Look / Watch

 

See: notice or become aware of something by using your eyes / you see naturally without thinking about it:

When Leonardo cross the street, he could see Mauro walking into supermarket

Can you see that sign?

Have you seen my bag?

Teacher! I saw you when I was walking in the city, yesterday.

I saw* a movie on the weekend (especial case, I went to a cinema)

Are you seeing** anybody at the moment? No, I’m single (dating)

Look: To direct your eyes in a particular direction / you look to focus and concentrate on something:

When Leonardo cross the street, he looked at Mauro for a while

I can look at that painting all day

“Look at me when I am talking to you!”

look at page 3.

teacher, could you please look at my writing?

Watch: to look at someone or something for an amount of time and pay attention to what is happening / you watch something in action or moving:

When Mauro cross the street, He watched Mauro playing with his son

We watched the world cup on TV

..watch a movie

..watch the kids playing

SOME and ANY

 

Some:  Affirmative / interrogative phrases when we expect a “yes” answer, we limit what we are offering to the other person (algunos, algo, unos)

She has some apples

There is some milk in the kitchen

Can I have some cookies?

Would you like some coffee? (limited offer)

Any: Negative or interrogative phrases (Algunos, ninguno)

I do not have any cat

He does not have any money

Are there any changes?

Would you like anything to drink? (A full range of thing to drink)

DO and MAKE

DO: (the action itself), We used "do" when someone performs actions, obligations, and repetitive tasks:

- Do the housework

- Do the laundry,

- Do the dishes

- Do shopping

- Do your work

- Do business

- Do a great job

- Do a report

- Do a course

- Do exercise

- Do your hair

- Do your nails

- Do anything

- Do nothing

- Do well

- Do badly

- Do good

- Do the right thing

- Do your best

MAKE: (refers to the result), We used "make" for creating or producing something, and for actions you choose to do:

- Make the breakfast

- Make a sandwich

- Make a salad

- Make a cup of tea

- Make a reservation

- Make money

- Make a profit

- Make a fortune

- Make $xxx

- Make friends

- Make love

- Make a phone call

- Make a joke

- Make a point

- Make a bet

- Make a complaint

- Make a confession

- Make a speech

- Make a suggestion

- Make a prediction

- Make an excuse

- Make a promise

- Make a fuss

- Make an observation

- Make a comment

- Make plans

- Make a decision

- Make a choice

- Make a mistake

- Make an attempt

- Make an effort

- Make a discovery

- Make a list

- Make sure

- Make a difference

- Make an exception

- Make the bed